Skip to Main Content

English for Academic Purposes (EAP): Search Tips

Start of Search: Get ideas

When searching for a research question or topic, start with ideas and keywords, or AI tools:

  1. Brainstorm ideas, information, data, analysis from previous reading. (What do you know previously? What questions do you have?)                                                   To help you turn a broad topic into a research question, you can refer to https://lbcone.hkust.edu.hk/eobj/mind-map/index.html  (source: HKUST Library)
  2. Think of keywords, special terms coming to your mind.
  3. AI tools enable you to use natural language to search.                                                For example, Consensus helps you find out relevant papers and see how many people agree or disagree. It also provides overview and citations. AI powered research tools can quickly process large volumes of data and provide relevant results by applying advanced algorithms and machine learning techniques, making it easier for users to find what they are looking for without needing to know specific search terms.                                                                                                                             SCIspace, Elicit use methods that mimic how one would approach a research question, automate time-consuming research tasks like summarizing papers, extracting data, generating literature review. They also provide talking with PDF.                                                                                  ResearchRabbit helps finding papers by analyzing citations, keywords, and trends.                                                                                                     Connected papers generate visual maps of related reserach, making it easier to explore academic networks.                                                                   Paper Digest extracts key points from papers, saving time on reading and writing.

    The library also subscribes to Web of Science Research Assistant that offers AI-driven features such as literature review, citation tracking and related article suggestionsHowever, over-reliance on generative AI could negatively affect a person's critical thinking skills. Though academic AI tools (such as Web of Science Research Assistant) rarely fabricate false citations as general AI, they may cite references in ways that misrepresent the contents. So traditional database search is necessary. For a thorough and systematic literature search,  it is important that its search strategy is transparent and reprocucible. 

Database Search Strategy

1. Break down your topic into different concepts / keywords so that the database can understand what you are looking for.

2. Find synonyms / related words for each key concept.

3. Use operators: AND OR NOT and connectors: “” * () to combine concepts and synonyms.

An Example of Topic Should animal welfare be legalized?
Concepts / Keywords animal welfare, legalize
What other terms people may use to describe the concepts

animal welfare: animal rights, animal well-being

legalize : legal, legalization, law

Connect by boolean operators : ANDOR, NOT

AND  - all terms should appear in the results

OR - any one or all of the terms will apper in the result

NOT - exclude unwanted terms

First connect similar meaning terms with OR

"animal welfare " OR "animal rights" OR "animal well-being"

Then combine concepts using AND, Use () to form search query:

("animal welfare" OR "animal rights" OR "animal well-being") AND (legal* OR law)

Use "  " to search a phrase

Use * to broaden search

Use double quotes " "  to search as a phrase"animal welfare"

Use asterisk * to broaden search to include various word endings

4. Choose and use appropriate search tools to suit your research topic shown in the right column (Databases, other search tools).

5. Find evidence for you topic.

  • Look for clues in what you find as you search 
    1. Main argument  (in abstract and in conclusion)
    2. References to other articles / books.
  • Think about the arguments from what you find in articles
    1. Search for answers or evidence that might lead you to your argument or your answer
    2. What questions do they raise

Databases

Refine Database Results

Other Search Tools

Translation of Search Terms and Related Words

1.人工智能

AI OR "artificial intelligence" OR "machine learning" OR "deep learning"

2.ChatGPT

ChatGPT OR GPT OR "chat generative pre-trained transformer" OR AIGC OR "AI-generated content" OR "large language model" OR "natural language generation model"

3.学术伦理

"academic ethic" OR "scholarly ethic" OR "academic integrity" OR "academic dishonesty" OR "academic misconduct" OR "copyright infringement" OR plagiarism

4.人机交互

"human-computer interaction" OR "human-robot interaction" OR "brain-computer interaction"

5.自动驾驶车辆

"autonomous vehicles" OR "autonomous cars" OR "driverless cars" OR "self-driving cars" OR "robotic cars"

6.电动车

EV OR "electric vehicle" OR "electric cars" OR "new energy cars"

7.燃油车

"gasoline vehicles" OR "gasoline cars" OR "gasoline automobile" OR "fuel vehicles" OR "petrol cars"

8.核污水

"nuclear wastewater"  OR "radioactive wastewater" OR "Fukushima wastewater"

9.核技术

"nuclear technology" OR "nuclear engineering"

10.网购

"online shopping" OR "e-shopping"

11.线上学习

"e-learning" OR "paperless learning" OR "electronic learning" OR "online education" OR "distance learning"

12.青少年

adolescents OR teenagers OR "young adult"

13.体育兴奋剂

"athletic drugs" OR steroids OR "performance-enhancing drugs" OR dope

14.动物福利

"animal welfare" OR "animal rights" OR "animal well-being"

15.减肥塑形

"body shaping" OR "fat reduction" OR "weight control"

16.整容

"plastic surgery" OR "cosmetic surgery" OR cosmetology

17.电子货币

"digital currency" OR "e-money"

18.人格分裂

"multiple personality disorder" OR  "split personality" OR "dissociative disorder"

19.同性婚姻

"same-sex marriage" OR "gay marriage"

20.死刑

"death penalty" OR "capital punishment"

21.群体性孤独

"group loneliness" OR "social isolation" OR "social exclusion"

22.单性别学校 / 男女同校

"single sex schools" / "coed schools"

23.网络流行语

"internet slang" OR "network language" OR netspeak or "cyber language"

24.元宇宙

Metaverse OR "augmented reality" OR "virtual reality" OR "mixed reality" OR "extend reality"

25.抑郁症

depression OR "depressive disorder" OR  tristimania OR MDD

26.短视频

"short video" OR "video clip" OR Youbube OR Tiktok

27.电子竞技

"electronic sports" OR "e-sports" OR eSports

28.躺平

"lie flat" OR "lie down" OR "quietly quit" OR "tang ping"

29.内卷

involution OR "rat race"

30.性别平等/不平等

"gender equality" OR "gender equity" OR "gender inequity" OR "gender inequality"

31.网络摸鱼

cyberloafing OR cyberslacking

32.女性

female OR women OR woman OR girl

33.男性

male OR men OR man OR boy

34.抽烟

cigarettes OR smoking OR nicotine OR tobacco

35.大学生

"university students" OR "college students" OR "undergraduate students"

36.大学

university OR college OR higher education

37.禁止

ban OR forbid OR restrict OR limit OR prohibit OR stop

38.转基因食物

"genetically modified food" or GMF or "GM food" or "transgenic food”

39.危害/劣势

danger OR risks OR hazards OR disadvantages OR cons OR challenges OR weakness OR limitations OR negative

40.好处/优势

advantages  OR pros OR benefits OR strengths OR positive OR benefit

41.低碳饮食

"low-carbohydrate diet" OR "low carbohydrate" OR "low carb diet" OR ketogenic

42.生育率

"birth rate" OR "fertility rate"

43.变性

transgender OR transexual OR "gender variant" or "gender non-conforming"

44.工作/职业

job OR employment OR work OR career OR occupation

45.心理健康

"mental health" OR "spiritual welfare" OR "psychological well-being" OR "psychological health" OR occupation